文達文翻譯
12. 九年一向英語課程
Teachers should creatively use technology but not rely on it alone.
The Nativist Approach: assumes that despite the fact that children’s early utterances are clearly not adult-like and lack many components of grammatical speech翻譯社 children are operating with an abstract knowledge of grammatical categories. (Hyams, 1986)
自然進修法 強調孩童初期語言缺少成人的文法能力 她們正在利用抽象的文法概念
Children are relatively more field-dependant, so teachers should use direct methods and try to provide a rich and stimulating environment with a lots objects to play with. Along with audio visual aids, all kinds of sensory input are important. Game-like language learning activities are an excellent, even essential, part of a program of children’s leaning activities. Children is general learn well when they are active and when action is channeled into enjoyable game, they are often willing to invest considerable time and effort in playing it. Children’s attention span is short, about half an hour, so the grammatical instruction should last and be accompanied with more longer activities to catch their attention.
其他影響學習身分
不接連測驗 考試一樣器材 一個項目接著一個項目
2. The computer offers a forum where learners can lose their self-consciousness. Many learners are shy of making mistakes. In the private environments, the learner can work at their own pace. The learner can spend more time on those topics that are causing difficulty.
3. access to information: A CALL program has the potential to provide more information.
Discrete-point testing involves testing one thing at a time, item by item (e.g. a multiple-choice grammar test on the present perfect)
2. 幫忙字彙的成長與認知 白話的互動 和教誨社會立場與行為價值
4. 真實教材較刺激雄厚 視覺美化 提供學生高度進修的念頭
5. 幫助學生透過故事書快速取得內文 模仿與反複單字和描述表達
6. 供給學生已經進修過的natural context
6. 其他技能 (講授法 approach)
其他: spiritual `existential` moral intelligence
(推論 間接)
Intensive listening performance is listening for perception of the components(phoneme, words, intonation, discourse, markers) of a larger stretch of language.
The eight intelligences are not fixed in one of each catalogue. The intelligence are found out and distinguished. Everyone have all of these eight kinds of intelligences. People can use these intelligences in different situations. Every intelligence can be developed. Most of the people have much abilities of one or two intelligences. Multiple intelligence education is used to develop much more possibilities of human.
Deductive grammar teaching, contrasted with inducted grammar teaching, is an approach to grammar teaching in which learners are taught grammatical rules and given specific information about a language.
人類學習 以教員輔助起頭 指點學生 學生從下手作中進修 本身去介入 發現 得到謎底 進修過程並不是天生具有 也不是從零起頭 而是從已有的獲得中 建造新的常識
多元智能 Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence
portfolio assessment: three categories
Storybook in EFL classroom
首要理論與講授法
首要限制: not suitable for adult (who has the maturity of concept)
八種智能是迦納歸納出來的 並不是固定的項目 每一個人都一樣擁有這些智能 在分歧的環境下利用 並且都可以被成長 多半人擁有一至兩項較優勢的智能 多元智能教育大旨是在於成長人類更多的可能性
13. 網路資本
Inductive grammar is an approach to grammar teaching in which learners are not taught grammatical or other types of rules directly, but are left to discover or induce rules from their experience of using the language.
(演譯 直接)
1. Communicative pedagogy溝通式教育法
2. Multiple Intelligence多元智能
3. Whole language teaching 全英語教學
電腦輔助語言講授
說話經驗學習法 接濟學生認知成長與自會增加 供給有意義的浏覽寫作舉動 分享經驗 擴大學生對於週遭世界的常識 豎立一個教室團體的氛圍 學生計畫 體驗 回應 記載經驗
1. 念頭提高學習速度
2. 進修者人格特質(shy/ embarrassing of incorrect speaking)
3. 對於內容的樂趣 interest in a particular text
4. The higher the interest level the better comprehension will be. 樂趣越高可以幫助理解
11. 發音
低焦慮狀況與輕鬆的體例進修 強調小我價值成長 高集中力與注意力在說話進修上 在社群中相互幫助 教員的角色是諮詢者 在需要的時辰給予幫忙
1. showcase portfolios – student select pieces which they believe represent their best work
2. collection portfolios(working portfolio) – all the drafts & the final product
3. assessment portfolios: according to certain criteria give by the instructor
7. 聽力
Extensive listening performance is listening to develop a top-down, global understanding of spoken language. Extensive listening performance ranges from listening to lengthy lectures to listening to a conversation and deriving a comprehensive message or purpose.擴大的 由上致下 全球化理解白話說話 從冗雜的演說、對話理解訊息或大旨
增強集中 強調聲音`單字`腔調`特徵
9. 教學評量
Constructivism建構式
10. 影響學習的身分:
The Nine-Year Integrated Curriculum Guidelines
Merits: 1. Learner autonomy- responsibilities of their own learning
One’s identity consists of more than just his or her accent. Taking one’s accent away won’t mean taking his or her identity away翻譯社 just like having a certain accent does not necessarily make one inferior or superior merely because that specific accent sounds inferior of superior.
Computer-aid language learning: CALL
腔調其實不影響成分 分歧腔調不代表優勝性或較下等
Language experience approach supports children’s concept development and vocabulary growth while offering many opportunities for meaningful reading and writing activities. Another benefit of the language experience approach is the development of shared experiences that extend children’s knowledge of the world around them while building a sense of classroom community. Students are involved in planning, experiencing翻譯社 responding to, and recording the experience and later, in participating in “remember when we?” conversations.
成人與小孩
Merits: 1. 比教科書有用率 對於年數小的進修者可幫助連系單字與記憶力
In many ways adults are superior to children as learners, they have greater cognitive maturity, better learning strategies and study habits, better focus and goal orientation, a longer attention span, the ability to make a greater variety of associations, and better short-term memory. Thus, in teaching adults English, more time can be used for grammatical instruction and practice翻譯社 accompanied with a few sensory input and activities.
Constructivism is a set of assumptions about the nature of human learning that guide constructivist learning theories and teaching methods. Constructivism values developmentally appropriate翻譯社 teaching-supported learning that is initiated and directed by the students. The theory behind a constructivist approach is that the child’s learning is done in a hands-on approach. The children learn by doing翻譯社 and not by being told what will happen. They are left to make their own inferences翻譯社 discoveries and conclusions. It also emphasizes that learning is not an “all or nothing” process but that student learn the new information that is presented to them by building upon knowledge that they already possess.
http://www.cavesbooks.com.tw/CET/htm/m0420100.htm
8. 文法
1. Linguistic Intelligence
2. logical-mathematical intelligence
3. spatial intelligence
4. musical intelligence
5. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
6. interpersonal intelligence
7. intrapersonal intelligence
8. naturalist intelligence
Humanistic Approach: 人本教育 with low anxiety and relax state翻譯社 with high concentration and attention on language learning翻譯社 interaction in the community翻譯社 help each other翻譯社 teacher’s role as a counselor翻譯社 only give support when necessary
來自: http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/evelyn616/post/1271768999有關各國語文翻譯公證的問題歡迎諮詢天成翻譯公司02-77260931
留言列表
